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The Living Encyclopedia
Explore our comprehensive database of reptiles, amphibians, fish, and invertebrates. Discover detailed care guides, morph varieties, and community setups.
A
amphibian
Axolotl
Ambystoma mexicanum
Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)
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amphibian
Fire Salamander
Salamandra salamandra
The fire salamander is a common species of salamander found in Europe.
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T
amphibian
Tiger Salamander
Ambystoma tigrinum
Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum)
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F
amphibian
Fire-Bellied Newt
Cynops orientalis
Fire-Bellied Newt (Cynops orientalis)
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E
amphibian
Eastern Newt
Notophthalmus viridescens
Eastern Newt (Notophthalmus viridescens)
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S
amphibian
Spotted Salamander
Ambystoma maculatum
Spotted Salamander (Ambystoma maculatum)
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M
amphibian
Marbled Salamander
Ambystoma opacum
Marbled Salamander (Ambystoma opacum)
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B
amphibian
Blue-Spotted Salamander
Ambystoma laterale
Blue-Spotted Salamander (Ambystoma laterale)
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R
amphibian
Red-Backed Salamander
Plethodon cinereus
Red-Backed Salamander (Plethodon cinereus)
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S
amphibian
Slimy Salamander
Plethodon glutinosus
Slimy Salamander (Plethodon glutinosus)
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mammal
Dog
Canis lupus familiaris
The dog is a domesticated descendant of wolves. Also called the domestic dog, it was selectively bred during the Late Pleistocene by hunter-gatherers. Dogs and the modern gray wolf share a common ancestor. Dogs were the first species to be domesticated over 14,000 years ago, before the development of agriculture, though genetic studies suggest the domestication process may have begun over 25,000 years ago. Due to their long association with humans, dogs have gained the ability to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canids.
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mammal
Cat
Felis catus
The cat, also called domestic cat and house cat, is a small domesticated carnivorous mammal. It is a member of Felidae, the family of mammals in the order Carnivora also colloquially referred to as cats. It is an obligate carnivore, requiring a predominantly meat-based diet. Its retractable claws are adapted to killing small prey species such as mice and rats. It has a strong, flexible body, quick reflexes, and sharp teeth, and its night vision and sense of smell are well developed. It is a social species, but a solitary hunter and a crepuscular predator. Cat communication includes meowing, purring, trilling, hissing, growling, grunting, and body language. It can hear sounds too faint or too high in frequency for human ears, such as those made by small mammals. It secretes and perceives pheromones. Cat intelligence is evident in its ability to adapt, learn through observation, and solve problems. The domestic cat is the only domesticated species of the family Felidae.
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mammal
Horse
Equus caballus
The horse is a domesticated, one-toed, hoofed mammal. It belongs to the taxonomic family Equidae and is one of two extant subspecies of Equus ferus. The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature, Eohippus, into the large single-toed animal of today, originally in North America. Humans began domesticating horses around 4000 BCE in Central Asia, and their domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BCE. Horses in the subspecies caballus are domesticated, although some domesticated populations live in the wild as feral horses. These feral populations are not true wild horses, which are horses that have never been domesticated. There is an extensive, specialized vocabulary used to describe equine-related concepts, covering everything from anatomy to life stages, size, colors, markings, breeds, locomotion, and behavior.
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mammal
Cow
Bos taurus
Cattle are large, domesticated, bovid ungulates widely kept as livestock. They are prominent modern members of the subfamily Bovinae and the most widespread species of the genus Bos. Mature female cattle are called cows, immature females are called heifers, mature intact males are called bulls, castrated males are called steers or oxen, and young animals of either sex are called calves.
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mammal
Pig
Sus scrofa domesticus
The pig, also called swine or hog, is an omnivorous, domesticated, even-toed, hoofed mammal. It is named the domestic pig when distinguishing it from other members of the genus Sus. Some authorities consider it a subspecies of Sus scrofa ; other authorities consider it a distinct species. Pigs were domesticated independently twice during the Neolithic, in the Near East around the Tigris Basin, and in China. When domesticated pigs arrived in Europe from the Near East, they extensively interbred with wild boar in Europe but retained their domesticated features.
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mammal
Sheep
Ovis aries
Sheep or domestic sheep are a domesticated, ruminant mammal typically kept as livestock. Although the term sheep can apply to other species in the genus Ovis, in everyday usage it almost always refers to domesticated sheep. Like all ruminants, sheep are members of the order Artiodactyla, the even-toed ungulates. There are around 1.2 billion domestic sheep as of 2019, making them easily the most common species of sheep. An adult female is referred to as a ewe ; an intact male as a ram, occasionally a tup; a castrated male as a wether; and a young sheep as a lamb.
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mammal
Goat
Capra aegagrus hircus
The goat or domestic goat is a species of goat-antelope that is mostly kept as livestock. It was domesticated from the wild goat of Southwest Asia and Eastern Europe. The goat is a member of the family Bovidae, meaning it is closely related to the sheep. It was one of the first animals to be domesticated, in Iran around 10,000 years ago.
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R
mammal
Rabbit
Oryctolagus cuniculus
Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
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G
mammal
Guinea Pig
Cavia porcellus
Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus)
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H
mammal
Hamster
Mesocricetus auratus
Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)
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